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HISTORY OF HTML In 1980, physicist Tim-Berners-Lee, a contractor at CERN proposed internet-based hypertext system. It was formally defined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). After the development of Html, IETF created an Html working group. The HTML working group developed Html 2.0 in 1995. The combined work of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) released a greater number of advanced Html versions Html 3.2 in 1997, Html 4.0 in 1997, Html 4.01 in 1999 After a long interval, Html released a new version called Html5 in 2014. Html5 enhances the web pages to a new world. In 2016 Html 5.1 version was released by W3C. Now let's have a brief history of versions of HTML that we have till now. HTML 1.0 HTML 1.0 was the first release of HTML to the world. Not many people were involved in website creation at the time, and the language was very limiting. There really wasn’t much you could do with it b

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tools are the software programs that help the development team do their jobs more efficiently and more effectively. These tools support the drawing and analysis of system models. Some CASE tools also provide prototyping and code generation capabilities. Some examples are: Oracle’s Designer 2000, Rational’s Rose, Platinum’s Erwin, Popkin’s System Architect 001, and Visible System’s Visible Analyst. At the center of any CASE tool’s architecture is a developer’s database called a CASE repository. CASE repository is a system developer’s database where developers can store system models, detailed description and specification, and other products of system development. It is also called dictionary or encyclopedia. Around the CASE repository is a collection of tools or facilities for creating system models and documentation. These facilities generally include: Diagramming tools –These tool

Different Approaches to Improving Information Systems Development Several different approaches have been developed in the continuous effort to improve the systems analysis and design process. The two important approaches are prototyping and joint application development (JAD). Prototyping Prototyping is a form of rapid application development (RAD). Prototyping is a rapid, iterative, and incremental process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close work between the development team and the users. We can build a prototype with any computer language or development tool, but special prototyping tools have been developed to simply the process. A prototype can be developed with some fourth-generation language (4GL), with the query and screen and report design tools of a database management system, and with tools called computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools. Prototyping In prototyping

Developing Information Systems and System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Most organizations use a standard set of steps, called a systems development methodology to develop and support their information systems. It is a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems. And systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems. It includes different phases as shown in the figure below. This representation of SDLC is sometimes referred to as the waterfall model or classic life cycle.   Fig: The systems development life cycle The first phase is called planning. In this phase, someone identifies the need for a new or enhanced system. These needs are then analyzed, prioritized, and arranged into a plan for the IS department. Here, a potential information systems project is explained and an argument for continui

System analysts are the key individuals in the information system development process. To succeed as a system analyst, you will need to develop the following skills. Working Knowledge of Information Technology : This is a technical skill. The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technology. Such knowledge can be acquired through college courses, seminars, and training programs. Computer Programming Experience and Expertise : This is also a technical skill needed by systems analysts. Most system analysts need to be proficient in one or more high-level programming languages. General Knowledge of Business Processes and Terminology : Most of the systems today are business-related and the systems analysts must be able to communicate with business experts to gain an understanding of their problems and needs. So, this skill is a must. To develop this skill, the system analyst should have knowledge about the courses like accounting, finance, business law and et

Information System Stakeholders, Vendors, and Consultants Information System Stakeholders A stakeholder is any person who has an interest in an existing or proposed information system. She/he may be technical or non-technical and internal or external workers. Stakeholders are also called information workers. An information worker involves in creating, collecting, processing, distributing, and using information. There are six groups of stakeholders and each group has a different role in the same information system. But in practice, any individual person may play more than one role. For example, a system analyst may also work as a system designer. The six groups are: system owners, system users, system designers, system builders, system analysts and project managers, and information technology vendors and consultants. System owners System owners are the information system’s sponsors and chief advocates. They are usually responsible for funding the project of development, op

Systems Analysis and Design System analysis and design is a complex, challenging, and simulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems. It is an organizational improvement process Information system are built and rebuilt for organizational benefits. An important (but not the only) result of system analysis and design is application software i.e. software designed to support organizational functions or processes such as inventory management, payroll, or mark-sheet analysis. In addition to application software, the total information system includes the hardware and systems software on which the application software runs, documentation and training materials, the specific job roles associated with the overall system, controls and the people who use the software along with their work methods. In systems analysis and design, we use various methodologies, techniques and tools that h